Clinical and Radiological Correlation of Degenerative Lumbar Canal Stenosis with Outcome of Various Modalities of Treatment

INTRODUCTION: The Present dissertation is going to be a prospective study of 80 cases of lumbar canal stenosis to be treated for a period of one year (2011-2012) by conservative treatment and operative modalities such as decompressive laminectomy, discectomy, foraminotomy / medial facectomy, excision of hypertrophied ligamentum flavum. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To measure spinal canal at the level of disc, lateral recess, interpedicular distance using digital/ plain x ray LS spine, CT LS spine, MRI LS spine &correlation with clinical findings and outcome of various modalities of treatment. 2. To measure body/canal ratio (jones Thompson index) and correlation with clinical findings &outcome of surgery. 3. To illustrate the variations in spinal canal &lateral recess measurements using CT scan, MRI scan & study the statistical significance of the variations. 4. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment in LCS and its correlation with lumbar canal measurement by radiological investigations & clinical findings. 5. To compare the results of conservative and surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomized study of 80 patients of lumbar canal stenosis of age between 20-60 years which was carried out in department of neurosurgery during the year 2011-2012 at Govt. Stanley Medical College & Hospital, Chennai. Data will be collected from the patients by their history telling, clinical examination & appropriate investigation. Documentation of patients information consisting of the patients particulars, history, clinical findings, investigations, operative procedures and its findings, follow up were recorded on a proforma. CONCLUSIONS: Variations seen in the spinal canal and lateral recess diameter measured by Xray, CT, MRI lumbosacral spine in this study is satistically more significant than any other studies. Significant neurological deficit occurs even with mean spinal canal diameter of 15.1mm in this study when compared to diameter of 12 mm of other studies. Overall good surgical outcome compared to other studies and better surgical results when compared to conservative treatment in this study is due to foraminotomy/medial facectomy done in all cases. Jones Thompson index applied in this study correlates well with clinical neurological deficit as well as with surgical outcome

Trust Based Certificate Revocation for Secure Routing in MANET

AbstractMany trust establishment solutions in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) rely on public key certificates. Therefore, they should be accompanied by an efficient mechanism for certificate revocation and validation. In order to reduce the hazards from nodes and to enhance the security of network we propose to develop a CA distribution and a Trust based threshold revocation method. Initially the trust value is computed from the direct and indirect trust values. And the certificate authorities distributes the secret key to al the nodes. Followed by this a trust based threshold revocation method is computed. Here the misbehaving nodes are eliminated

An Efficient Image Denoising Approach for the Recovery of Impulse Noise

Image noise is one of the key issues in image processing applications today. The noise will affect the quality of the image and thus degrades the actual information of the image. Visual quality is the prerequisite for many imagery applications such as remote sensing. In recent years, the significance of noise assessment and the recovery of noisy images are increasing. The impulse noise is characterized by replacing a portion of an image's pixel values with random values Such noise can be introduced due to transmission errors. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the effect of visual quality of the image due to impulse noise during the transmission of images. In this paper, a hybrid statistical noise suppression technique has been developed for improving the quality of the impulse noisy color images. We further proved the performance of the proposed image enhancement scheme using the advanced performance metrics

An Efficient Image Denoising Approach for the Recovery of Impulse Noise

Image noise is one of the key issues in image processing applications today. The noise will affect the quality of the image and thus degrades the actual information of the image. Visual quality is the prerequisite for many imagery applications such as remote sensing. In recent years, the significance of noise assessment and the recovery of noisy images are increasing. The impulse noise is characterized by replacing a portion of an image’s pixel values with random values Such noise can be introduced due to transmission errors. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the effect of visual quality of the image due to impulse noise during the transmission of images. In this paper, a hybrid statistical noise suppression technique has been developed for improving the quality of the impulse noisy color images. We further proved the performance of the proposed image enhancement scheme using the advanced performance metrics

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कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Phytoconstituents profiling and antioxidant potential of Wrightia tinctoria R. Br.

In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. (Apocyanaceae) is recognized as a biologically effective therapeutic plant for the treatment of jaundice. It is a natural medicinal tree possessing antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antifungal, antibacterial, antipsoriatic, antiviral, anthelmintic, anticancerous, analgesic, antipyretic, and aphrodisiac activities. Methanolic extract of W. tinctoria plant was investigated with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the antioxidant activity of W. tinctoria was analysed by most probable hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2) activity, DPPH activity and Thiobarbutaric acid. The phytochemical in W. tinctoria leaf and bark have been assessed by GC-MS analysis. GC-MS analysis of W. tinctoria methanolic extract exposed the existence of the GC-MS chromatograms of 10 peaks in the leaf and 20 peaks in the bark. The FTIR spectroscopy analyses were identified by various functional compounds in the extracts with distinctive peak values. The FTIR analysis of methanolic leaf extracts of W. tinctoria confirmed the presence of alcohol, amine, alkane, carboxylic acid, sulfur compounds, halogen compounds and alkyne which showed major peaks. Also the methanolic bark extracts of W. tinctoria confirmed the presence of amines, phenol, alcohols, alkane, aldehydes, carboxylic acid, nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, and halogen compounds which also exhibited major peaks. Significant antioxidant activity is displayed by the plant part of leaf and bark sample. The results obtained in the determination of antioxidant activity of MEWT displayed considerable free radical scavenging capacity against DPPH which generated free radicals. This study includes the identification of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extract of W. tinctoria which assist in therapeutic claims about this species in the traditional medicinal plant system

Forecasting Using Vector Autoregressive Models (VAR) Applying Vector Autoregressive Model For Smart Irrigation

Forecasting data can give a better understanding, control and manage unexpected results better. Vector Autoregressive Models (VAR Models) have for long been used to find trends in a set of non-discreet values. In this paper, we focus on building VAR models, to determine the best fit using various tests and the results obtained when we applied VAR models to estimate the future values and trends in soil moisture. Along with the application of VAR models to predict the soil moisture, we have also additionally applied it to the temperature and mean sea level pressure forecasting, results of which are presented

Marine Fisheries of Andhra Pradesh-An Appraisal

Andhra Pradesh with a long coastline of 974 km and a continental shelf area of 33,227 km2 is spread over nine districts (Fig.1) and supports a rich fishery constituted by several groups of fishes, crustaceans, molluscs and other marine organisms. In the marine fisheries sector, Andhra Pradesh has always been known for its healthy fishing grounds, diverse resources, variety of crafts and gears, high entrepreneurship and adaptability to new technologies in exploiting the available resources and the sector contributes significantly to the employment generation in the state

Insulin mediated upregulation of the renin angiotensin system in human subcutaneous adipocytes is reduced by Rosiglitazone

Background: Obesity associated hypertension is likely to be due to multiple mechanisms. Identification of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) within adipose tissue does, however, suggest a potential causal role for it in obesity-associated hypertension. Obese patients are often hyperinsulinaemic, but mechanisms underlying insulin upregulation of the RAS in adipose tissue are unclear. TNFα, an inducer of angiotensinogen in hepatocytes, is elevated in hyperinsulinaemic, obese individuals, and may provide a link in mediating insulin upregulation of the RAS in adipose tissue. Further, thiazolidinediones lower blood pressure in vivo and downregulation of the RAS in adipose tissue may contribute to this effect. We therefore examined the effect of rosiglitazone (RSG), on the insulin mediated upregulation of the RAS. Methods and Results: Sera were obtained from the arterial circulation and from venous blood draining subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Isolated human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes (n=12) were treated with insulin (1-1000nM) and insulin in combination with RSG (10nM), and RSG (10nM) alone to determine angiotensinogen expression, angiotensin II, bradykinin and TNFα secretion. Subcutaneous adipocytes were also treated with TNFα (10-100ng/mL) to examine the direct effect on angiotensinogen expression and angiotensin II secretion. The findings showed that the arterio-venous difference in angiotensin II levels was significant (↑23%; p<0.001). Insulin increased TNFα secretion in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.01) whilst RSG (10nM) significantly reduced the insulin mediated rise in TNFα (p<0.001), as well as AGT and angiotensin II. TNFα also increased angiotensinogen and angiotensin II in isolated adipocytes. Conclusions: Our in vivo data suggest that human subcutaneous adipose tissue is a significant source of angiotensin II. This study also demonstrates a potential TNFα mediated mechanism through which insulin may stimulate the RAS and may contribute to explain obesity associated hypertension. RSG downregulates the RAS in subcutaneous adipose tissue and this effect may contribute to the long-term effect of RSG on blood pressure